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Designs used as symbols of Islam include calligraphy of important concepts or phrases, such as the ''shahada'', ''takbir'', ''basmala'', etc.; besides this the colour green is often used as symbolising Islam, as is the star and crescent symbol. ==Star and crescent== The star and crescent symbol only became associated with Islam in the mid-20th century, following its use in the national flags of various successor states of the Ottoman Empire.〔The symbolism of the star and crescent in the flag of the Kingdom of Libya (1951-1969) was explained in an English language booklet, ''The Libyan Flag & The National Anthem'', issued by the Ministry of Information and Guidance of the Kingdom of Libya (year unknown, cited after Jos Poels at (FOTW ), 1997) as follows: "The crescent is symbolic of the beginning of the lunar month according to the Muslim calendar. It brings back to our minds the story of Hijra (migration) of our Prophet Mohammed from his home in order to spread Islam and teach the principles of right and virtue. The Star represents our smiling hope, the beauty of aim and object and the light of our belief in God, in our country, its dignity and honour which illuminate our way and puts an end to darkness."〕 By the 1970s, this symbolism was embraced by movements of Arab nationalism or Islamism, such as the proposed Arab Islamic Republic (1974) and the American Nation of Islam (1973).〔Edward E. Curtis, ''Black Muslim religion in the Nation of Islam, 1960-1975'' (2006), (p. 157 ).〕 The "Red Crescent" emblem was adopted by volunteers of the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) as early as 1877 during the Russo-Turkish War; it was officially adopted in 1929. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Symbols of Islam」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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